Explanations:The concept of Swaraj, which translates to self-rule or self-governance, was a pivotal goal for the Indian National Congress during the early 20th century. The Indian National Congress, founded in 1885, was a political party that played a crucial role in the Indian independence movement. The declaration of Swaraj as the goal of the Congress was a significant milestone in the nationalist movement, marking a shift from moderate demands to a more radical stance for complete independence from British rule.
Dadabhai Naoroji, often referred to as the "Grand Old Man of India," was a prominent figure in the Indian National Congress and a key leader in the early nationalist movement. He was a political theorist, educator, and social reformer who played a significant role in shaping the political landscape of India. In his presidential address to the Indian National Congress in 1906, Naoroji declared Swaraj as the goal of the Congress. This declaration was a response to the growing discontent with British rule and the desire for self-governance among the Indian populace.
The historical context of this declaration is important to understand. The late 19th and early 20th centuries were marked by increasing political awareness and a growing sense of nationalism among Indians. The Indian National Congress, which initially focused on moderate demands such as representation in the British government and administrative reforms, began to shift towards more radical goals. The declaration of Swaraj by Naoroji was a reflection of this shift and a call for complete independence from British rule.
It is essential to note that while other leaders such as Surendra Nath Bannerji and Gopal Krishna Gokhle were also significant figures in the Indian National Congress, they did not declare Swaraj as the goal of the Congress. Bannerji was more involved in the early stages of the nationalist movement and was a key figure in the Bengal Renaissance, while Gokhle was known for his moderate stance and his role in the Indian National Congress during the early 20th century. Lord Minto, on the other hand, was a British Viceroy of India and not associated with the Indian National Congress.
Understanding the historical context and the contributions of key leaders such as Dadabhai Naoroji is crucial for comprehending the evolution of the Indian independence movement. The declaration of Swaraj by Naoroji in 1906 was a significant moment in the history of the Indian National Congress and the broader nationalist movement, marking a shift towards a more radical and determined pursuit of self-governance.