Explanations:Iltutmish, also known as Shams-ud-din Iltutmish, was a significant ruler of the Delhi Sultanate who reigned from 1211 to 1236. His reign is notable for several reasons, including his actions that deviated from traditional succession practices and his appointment of his daughter, Razia Sultana, as his successor.
The rule of primogeniture is a principle of inheritance where the eldest son inherits the throne or title. This was a common practice in many monarchies and empires, including the Delhi Sultanate. However, Iltutmish broke this tradition by not appointing his eldest son as his successor. Instead, he chose his daughter, Razia Sultana, to rule after him. This decision was revolutionary and marked a significant departure from the established norms of the time.
Razia Sultana, also known as Raziyya, was the first and only female ruler of the Delhi Sultanate. Her appointment as Sultan by Iltutmish was a bold and unprecedented move. It demonstrated Iltutmish's belief in her capabilities and his willingness to challenge traditional gender roles and succession practices. Razia Sultana's reign, although short-lived, is remembered for her administrative skills and her efforts to modernize the Sultanate.
Understanding the historical context of Iltutmish's rule and his actions is crucial for comprehending the political and social dynamics of the Delhi Sultanate. His decision to violate the rule of primogeniture and appoint his daughter as Sultan reflects his progressive thinking and his desire to ensure the stability and prosperity of his kingdom. This decision also highlights the complex nature of succession in medieval empires and the influence of individual rulers on the course of history.
Therefore, both statements about Iltutmish are correct. He violated the rule of primogeniture and appointed his daughter, Razia Sultana, as Sultan, making option C the correct answer.