Concept notes: West Bengal, particularly Kolkata, has a rich cultural and historical background. Rickshaws are a traditional form of transportation in Kolkata, while the Sun Temple is located in Konark, Odisha, not Kolkata. Fort Gloaster, near Kolkata, was the site of a failed company establishment.
Explanation: West Bengal, particularly its capital city Kolkata, has a rich cultural and historical background that includes various traditional forms of transportation and significant historical sites. Let's analyze each statement in detail:
1. **Rickshaws are a traditional form of transportation of Kolkata.**
- This statement is true. Rickshaws, both cycle rickshaws and hand-pulled rickshaws, have been a part of Kolkata's transportation system for over a century. They are not only a means of transport but also a symbol of the city's culture and heritage. Rickshaws are often seen as a traditional and eco-friendly mode of transport, providing employment to many in the city.
2. **The Sun Temple is in Kolkata.**
- This statement is false. The Sun Temple, also known as Konark Sun Temple, is located in Konark, Odisha, not in Kolkata. The Sun Temple is a UNESCO World Heritage site and is renowned for its architectural beauty and historical significance. It is dedicated to the Sun God and is a major tourist attraction in Odisha.
3. **The company established in Fort Gloaster near Kolkata was a failure.**
- This statement is true. Fort Gloaster, located near Kolkata, was the site of a failed company establishment. The East India Company attempted to establish a settlement here, but it was unsuccessful due to various reasons, including the challenging terrain and local resistance. The failure of this company establishment is a part of the historical narrative of British colonial attempts in the region.
In conclusion, the correct answer is (D) Only 1, 3. The first and third statements are true, while the second statement is false. Understanding the cultural and historical context of West Bengal, particularly Kolkata, is essential to correctly identifying the true statements. This includes recognizing the significance of traditional transportation methods and the geographical locations of important historical sites.