Explanation: To understand the context of the statements provided, it is essential to delve into the history and culture of Kerala, a state in southern India.
**Statement 1: Raja Chola founded the state of Travancore.**
This statement is false. The Cholas were a powerful dynasty that ruled parts of South India from the 9th to the 13th century. They were known for their military conquests and cultural achievements, but they did not have a direct role in the founding of Travancore. Travancore, a historical kingdom in Kerala, was established much later, around the 18th century, and was not founded by Raja Chola. The Cholas were primarily active in the regions of Tamil Nadu and parts of Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka, not in Kerala.
**Statement 2: Onam is the harvest festival of Kerala.**
This statement is true. Onam is one of the most significant festivals in Kerala, celebrated with great enthusiasm and cultural fervor. It is a harvest festival that marks the homecoming of the legendary King Mahabali, who is believed to visit his subjects during this time. Onam is celebrated in the Malayalam month of Chingam (August-September) and is a time of joy, feasting, and cultural activities such as boat races, traditional dances, and elaborate feasts.
**Statement 3: Trivandrum was changed to Thiruvananthapuram.**
This statement is also true. Trivandrum, the former name of the capital city of Kerala, was officially renamed to Thiruvananthapuram in 1991. The name Thiruvananthapuram translates to "The City of Lord Anantha," referring to the deity Lord Anantha, a form of Lord Vishnu, who is worshipped in the famous Sri Padmanabhaswamy Temple in the city. The renaming was part of a broader effort to promote the use of the local language, Malayalam, and to reflect the cultural and religious significance of the city.
In conclusion, the correct answer is (D) Only 2, 3. The first statement is a historical inaccuracy, while the second and third statements are true and reflect important cultural and historical aspects of Kerala. Understanding these statements requires knowledge of Kerala's history, cultural festivals, and the significance of its capital city.