Explanations:Jammu and Kashmir, a region in northern India, is renowned for its rich cultural heritage and historical significance. The question tests the knowledge of specific cultural and historical facts related to the region. Let's break down each statement to understand the context and verify their accuracy.
The first statement asserts that Papier Mache is a popular art form in Jammu and Kashmir. Papier Mache is a traditional craft that involves creating objects from paper pulp and then painting them. This art form is indeed a significant part of the cultural heritage of Jammu and Kashmir. The intricate designs and vibrant colors of Papier Mache items make them a popular souvenir and a symbol of the region's artistic tradition.
The second statement mentions that Kalhan composed a poem about the rulers of Kashmir. Kalhan was a Kashmiri poet and historian who lived in the 12th century. He is best known for his work "Rajatarangini," a historical chronicle of the kings of Kashmir. This statement is accurate, as Kalhan's "Rajatarangini" is a significant literary work that provides valuable insights into the history of Kashmir.
The third statement claims that the Rashtrakuta dynasty ruled Kashmir and neighboring areas of India. The Rashtrakuta dynasty was a prominent power in southern and central India during the 8th to 10th centuries. However, they did not rule Kashmir or its neighboring areas. The Rashtrakutas were primarily active in the Deccan region and parts of southern India, and their influence did not extend to the northern regions like Kashmir.
Therefore, the correct answer is that only statements 1 and 2 are true. Papier Mache is a popular art form in Jammu and Kashmir, and Kalhan did compose a poem about the rulers of Kashmir. The Rashtrakuta dynasty, however, did not rule Kashmir and its neighboring areas, making the third statement false.
Understanding the cultural and historical context of Jammu and Kashmir is essential for comprehending the significance of these statements. Papier Mache and Kalhan's "Rajatarangini" are integral parts of the region's cultural and historical legacy, while the Rashtrakuta dynasty's influence was limited to other parts of India.