Explanation: To understand the context of the statements provided, it is essential to delve into the historical and geographical aspects of each claim.
1. **Battle of Buxar (1764)**: This battle was a significant conflict between the British East India Company and the combined forces of Mir Qasim, the Nawab of Bengal, Shah Alam II, the Mughal Emperor, and Shuja-ud-Daula, the Nawab of Awadh. The British East India Company emerged victorious in this battle, which marked a turning point in the British conquest of India. The defeat of the combined forces of Mir Qasim, Shah Alam II, and the Nawab of Awadh led to the British gaining control over Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa. Therefore, the first statement is incorrect.
2. **Location of Bangladesh**: Bangladesh is a country located in South Asia, to the east of India. It is bordered by India to the west, north, and east; Myanmar to the southeast; and the Bay of Bengal to the south. The second statement is correct as it accurately describes the geographical location of Bangladesh.
3. **Surat as a Trading Port**: Surat is an important historical trading port located on the western coast of India, on the banks of the Tapti River, which flows into the Arabian Sea. It was a significant port during the Mughal era and the early colonial period, known for its textile and diamond trade. The third statement is incorrect because Surat is not located on the Bay of Bengal but on the Arabian Sea.
In summary, the Battle of Buxar was won by the British East India Company, Bangladesh is correctly located to the east of India, and Surat is an important trading port on the Arabian Sea, not the Bay of Bengal. Therefore, the correct answer is that only the second statement is true, making option A the correct choice.