Concept notes: Firoz Shah Tughluq, a Sultan of the Tughluq dynasty, conducted several military campaigns during his reign. He led expeditions to Bengal, Odisha, and Nagarkot. Additionally, he attempted to control the lower Sind region. Silvassa is the capital of Dadra and Nagar Haveli, a union territory in India.
Explanation: Firoz Shah Tughluq, who ruled from 1351 to 1388, was a significant figure in the Tughluq dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate. He is known for his military campaigns and administrative reforms. Among his military endeavors, he led two campaigns to Bengal, which was a strategic region due to its economic and political importance. He also raided Odisha and Nagarkot, both of which were important regions in the Indian subcontinent.
The second statement, which claims that Firoz Shah Tughluq led a campaign to the lower Sind east-west corridor connecting Srinagar to Porbandar, is not historically accurate. There is no record of such a campaign in the historical accounts of Firoz Shah Tughluq's reign. The lower Sind region was not a significant focus of his military campaigns.
The third statement is true. Silvassa is the capital of Dadra and Nagar Haveli, a union territory in western India. Dadra and Nagar Haveli, along with Daman and Diu, are union territories that were formerly Portuguese colonies. They were integrated into the Indian Union in 1961. Silvassa, being the capital, serves as the administrative center for the union territory.
In summary, the correct answer is (D) Only 1, 3. The first statement about Firoz Shah Tughluq's campaigns to Bengal, Odisha, and Nagarkot is true, and the third statement about Silvassa being the capital of Dadra and Nagar Haveli is also true. The second statement about the lower Sind east-west corridor is not true and should be disregarded. Understanding the historical context and geographical facts is crucial for correctly identifying the true statements.