Consider the following Statements: Delhi's authority was challenged by Mongols' invasions. Delhi's authority was challenged by Mongol invasions. Razia Sultan became the ruler as she was the only child of Iltutmish. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

The history of Delhi is rich with significant events, including invasions and the succession of rulers. One of the most notable challenges to the Delhi Sultanate was the Mongol invasions. The Mongols, under leaders such as Genghis Khan and his successors, posed a significant threat to the stability and authority of the Delhi Sultanate. These invasions were a series of military campaigns that occurred over several decades, and they had a profound impact on the political and social landscape of the region. The Delhi Sultanate had to contend with these invasions, which often resulted in military engagements and the need to fortify defenses.

Another significant event in the history of Delhi is the reign of Razia Sultan. Razia Sultan, born in 1205, was the daughter of Iltutmish, the fifth sultan of the Delhi Sultanate. She became the first and only female ruler of the Delhi Sultanate. The misconception that Razia Sultan became the ruler because she was the only child of Iltutmish is incorrect. In reality, Iltutmish had several children, but he chose Razia as his successor due to her administrative skills and the support she garnered from the nobility. Iltutmish had designated her as his successor in his will, recognizing her capabilities and leadership qualities.

It is important to understand the historical context and the specific circumstances that led to Razia Sultan's rule. Her reign, though brief, was marked by significant administrative reforms and efforts to strengthen the Delhi Sultanate. However, she faced opposition from conservative elements within the nobility, which ultimately led to her downfall. Despite this, her reign remains a notable chapter in the history of Delhi and the Delhi Sultanate.

In summary, the first two statements about the Mongol invasions and Razia Sultan's rule are true, while the third statement about her becoming the ruler because she was the only child of Iltutmish is false. Understanding these historical events and the specific circumstances surrounding them is crucial for comprehending the broader context of Delhi's history.