Explanations:The question requires an understanding of the historical context of Bengal and Orissa during the medieval period, specifically focusing on the interactions between rulers and religious figures. The first statement is correct because Sultan Allauddin Hussain of Bengal and the Vaishnavite saint Chaitanya were contemporaries. Chaitanya, a prominent figure in the Vaishnavite tradition, lived from 1486 to 1533, while Sultan Allauddin Hussain ruled Bengal from 1493 to 1519. Their lifetimes overlapped, making it historically accurate to state that they were contemporaries.
The second statement, however, is not entirely accurate. While the Gajapati rulers of Orissa did indeed build the famous Puri temples, the Ganga rulers of Orissa were not in conflict with the Vijayanagara state. The Ganga dynasty ruled Orissa from the 11th to the 15th century, and the Vijayanagara Empire was established in the 14th century. There is no historical evidence of direct conflict between the Ganga rulers and the Vijayanagara state. The Gajapati rulers, who came after the Ganga dynasty, did have some interactions with the Vijayanagara Empire, but these were not necessarily conflicts.
The third statement is also incorrect. The Ganga rulers of Orissa were not in conflict with the Vijayanagara state. The Ganga dynasty ruled Orissa from the 11th to the 15th century, and the Vijayanagara Empire was established in the 14th century. The Ganga rulers were primarily engaged in consolidating their power within Orissa and did not have significant interactions with the Vijayanagara state, which was located further south in the Deccan region.
Therefore, the correct answer is that only the first statement is accurate, making option A the correct choice. This question highlights the importance of understanding the specific historical periods and interactions between different rulers and states in medieval India.