Explanations:The Swaraj Party, also known as the Indian National Congress (Swarajists), was a political party formed in 1923 by Motilal Nehru and Chittaranjan Das (C.R. Das). The party was established to contest elections and work within the legislative councils to achieve self-rule for India. The term "Swaraj" means self-rule or self-government, and the party aimed to achieve this through constitutional means and by participating in the legislative councils established by the British.
Motilal Nehru was a prominent lawyer and politician who played a significant role in the Indian independence movement. He was the father of Jawaharlal Nehru, who later became the first Prime Minister of independent India. C.R. Das was a lawyer and political leader who was also a key figure in the Indian National Congress. Together, they formed the Swaraj Party to contest the elections of 1923 and to work within the legislative councils to push for Indian self-rule.
The Swaraj Party was a faction within the Indian National Congress and was formed in response to the Non-Cooperation Movement led by Mahatma Gandhi, which had been suspended in 1922. The party believed that participating in the legislative councils could be an effective way to challenge British policies and work towards Indian independence. The party's strategy was to use the councils to expose the flaws in the British system and to mobilize public opinion against British rule.
It is important to note that the Swaraj Party was not the only political party or movement in the Indian independence struggle. Other prominent leaders such as Subhas Chandra Bose and Sardar Patel were also significant figures, but they were not involved in the formation of the Swaraj Party. Jawaharlal Nehru and Rajendra Prasad were also important leaders in the Indian National Congress, but they were not the founders of the Swaraj Party.
Understanding the formation and leadership of the Swaraj Party is crucial for comprehending the complex landscape of Indian politics during the early 20th century. The party's approach of working within the legislative councils was a strategic move to challenge British rule and to push for Indian self-rule through constitutional means.