Explanation: Bharathiyar, also known as Subramania Bharathiyar, was a significant figure in the Indian freedom struggle and a prominent Tamil poet. His involvement in the Indian National Congress (INC) sessions is an important aspect of his contribution to the Indian independence movement.
The Indian National Congress held several sessions during the early 20th century, each with its own significance in the context of the Indian freedom struggle. The Benaras Session (1905) and the Surat Session (1907) are particularly noteworthy for Bharathiyar's participation.
The Benaras Session (1905) was held in Varanasi and was significant for the INC as it marked the beginning of a more aggressive stance against British rule. The session was attended by many prominent leaders, including Bharathiyar, who was actively involved in the discussions and debates. This session was crucial in shaping the future direction of the INC and its approach to achieving independence.
The Surat Session (1907) was another important event in the history of the INC. It was held in Surat and was significant for the split within the Congress between the Moderates and the Extremists. The Extremists, led by leaders like Bal Gangadhar Tilak, advocated for a more radical approach to achieving independence, while the Moderates favored a more gradual and constitutional approach. Bharathiyar was present at this session and supported the Extremists' stance, which was a reflection of his own views on the need for a more assertive approach to the freedom struggle.
In contrast, Bharathiyar did not attend the Calcutta Session (1906) or the Madras Session (1908). The Calcutta Session was significant for the introduction of the Swadeshi Movement, which aimed to promote Indian goods and boycott British products. The Madras Session was important for the resolution on self-government, but Bharathiyar was not present at either of these sessions.
Understanding the historical context and the specific sessions attended by Bharathiyar is crucial for comprehending his role in the Indian freedom struggle. His participation in the Benaras and Surat sessions highlights his commitment to a more radical approach to achieving independence, which was a significant aspect of his contribution to the movement.