Explanation: The Air Quality Index (AQI) is a critical measure used to communicate the level of air pollution and its potential health impacts to the public. In the context of Bengaluru, the AQI is particularly important due to the city's rapid urbanization and industrial growth, which can lead to increased air pollution.
The AQI is calculated based on the concentration of pollutants in the air, including particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone (O3). Each pollutant has a corresponding index value, and the AQI is the highest of these index values.
In the case of Bengaluru, the reported increase in AQI is 23%. This percentage increase indicates that the air quality has deteriorated by 23% over a specified period, which could be a year, a season, or another relevant timeframe. This increase is significant as it suggests that the city's air quality has worsened, potentially due to factors such as increased vehicular emissions, industrial activities, or construction.
Understanding the percentage increase in AQI is crucial for several reasons:
1. **Environmental Health**: It helps in assessing the overall health of the environment and the potential risks to public health.
2. **Policy Making**: It informs policymakers about the need for stricter regulations and interventions to improve air quality.
3. **Public Awareness**: It raises awareness among the public about the need for personal protective measures and lifestyle changes to mitigate the effects of poor air quality.
The calculation of the percentage increase in AQI involves comparing the current AQI value to a baseline AQI value from a previous period. The formula for calculating the percentage increase is:
\[
\text{Percentage Increase} = \left( \frac{\text{Current AQI} - \text{Baseline AQI}}{\text{Baseline AQI}} \right) \times 100
\]
For example, if the baseline AQI was 100 and the current AQI is 123, the percentage increase would be:
\[
\text{Percentage Increase} = \left( \frac{123 - 100}{100} \right) \times 100 = 23\%
\]
This calculation confirms that the correct answer is indeed 23%, as stated in the question.
In conclusion, the 23% increase in Bengaluru's AQI highlights the need for continued monitoring and intervention to improve air quality and protect public health. Understanding such data is essential for students and professionals involved in environmental science, public health, and urban planning.