Explanation: The Indian Constitution, drafted by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, is a comprehensive document that includes several unique features. Among these, the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) are particularly noteworthy as they provide a framework for the state to ensure social and economic justice. These principles, though not enforceable by the courts, guide the government in formulating policies and laws that aim to create a welfare state.
The Directive Principles of State Policy are enshrined in Part IV of the Constitution and were inspired by the Irish Constitution. They are a set of guidelines for the state to follow in order to promote a just and equitable society. These principles cover a wide range of areas, including economic and social rights, such as the right to work, education, and public assistance in certain cases of unemployment, old age, sickness, and disablement. They also include principles related to the promotion of international peace and security, protection of the environment, and the organization of village panchayats.
Dr. Ambedkar highlighted the Directive Principles as novel features because they represent a significant departure from the traditional concept of a constitution, which primarily focuses on the rights of individuals. The DPSP, on the other hand, emphasize the state's responsibilities to promote the welfare of the people and ensure social and economic justice. This approach is unique and innovative, as it goes beyond the mere protection of individual rights and aims to create a more equitable society.
In contrast, Fundamental Rights (Part III of the Constitution) are justiciable and provide protection to individuals against the state. While they are essential for the protection of individual liberties, they are not considered the novel features highlighted by Dr. Ambedkar. Similarly, Emergency Provisions (Part XVIII of the Constitution) are important for maintaining order and stability during crises, but they do not represent the innovative governance principles that Dr. Ambedkar emphasized. Lastly, Panchayat Raj Institutions, while promoting grassroots democracy, are not the novel features of the Constitution as identified by Dr. Ambedkar.
In summary, the Directive Principles of State Policy are the novel features of the Indian Constitution as highlighted by Dr. Ambedkar. They provide a unique framework for the state to promote social and economic justice, making them a significant and innovative aspect of the Constitution.