Explanations:The Idukki dam, located in the state of Kerala, India, is a significant hydroelectric project and holds the distinction of being Asia's first arch dam. An arch dam is a type of dam that is curved upstream in a convex shape, which allows it to withstand the pressure of the water it holds back. The curvature of the dam transfers the water pressure into compressive forces within the dam and the abutments (the rock formations on either side of the dam).
The Idukki dam was constructed across the Kuravan and Kurathi hills, which are part of the Western Ghats mountain range. The construction of the dam was a major engineering feat and was completed in 1975. The dam is not only a significant source of hydroelectric power for the region but also a popular tourist attraction due to its impressive architecture and the scenic beauty of the surrounding area.
The construction of the Idukki dam involved the creation of a reservoir that is formed by the confluence of three rivers: the Periyar, the Thodupuzha, and the Cheruthoni. The dam is designed to store water and generate electricity through a series of turbines. The power generated by the Idukki dam is a crucial part of the power supply for the state of Kerala and the surrounding regions.
Understanding the historical and geographical significance of the Idukki dam is important for students preparing for competitive examinations, as it is a notable landmark and a significant engineering project in the region. The Idukki dam's status as the first arch dam in Asia makes it a unique and important structure in the context of dam construction and hydroelectric power generation.