Arrange the following events in the correct chronological order: 1. Arrival of Portuguese 2. Establishment of Vijayanagara Empire 3. Establishment of Mughal rule over North India 4. Invasion of Timur Choose the correct answer from the codes given below:

Category: Miscellaneous Indian Gk

Hint: Consider the approximate dates of each event to determine the correct sequence.

Correct Answer: A) 2-4-1-3

Exam Relevance: CBSE, UPSC, SSC, State PSC

Difficulty: Moderate

Explanations:

To understand the correct chronological order of the events mentioned in the question, it is essential to know the approximate dates of each event. The events in question are:

1. Arrival of Portuguese: The Portuguese arrived in India in the early 16th century, specifically in 1498 when Vasco da Gama landed in Calicut. They established their first trading post in Cochin in 1500 and gradually expanded their influence along the western coast of India.

2. Establishment of Vijayanagara Empire: The Vijayanagara Empire was established in the 14th century, around 1336, by Harihara and Bukka, two brothers who were part of the Sangama dynasty. The empire was centered in the Deccan Plateau and flourished until the 16th century.

3. Establishment of Mughal rule over North India: The Mughal Empire was established in 1526 when Babur, a descendant of Timur and Genghis Khan, defeated Ibrahim Lodi in the First Battle of Panipat. This marked the beginning of Mughal rule in North India, which lasted until the mid-19th century.

4. Invasion of Timur: Timur, also known as Tamerlane, invaded India in 1398. He led a devastating campaign against the Delhi Sultanate, which was then ruled by Sultan Nasir-ud-din Mahmud Tughlaq. The invasion weakened the Delhi Sultanate and paved the way for the rise of other powers in the region.

By placing these events in the correct chronological order, we get:

2. Establishment of Vijayanagara Empire (1336)

4. Invasion of Timur (1398)

1. Arrival of Portuguese (1498)

3. Establishment of Mughal rule over North India (1526)

Therefore, the correct sequence is 2-4-1-3, which corresponds to Option A.

Option Analysis:

Option A: This option is correct. The Vijayanagara Empire was established around 1336, followed by Timur's invasion in 1398, the arrival of the Portuguese in the early 16th century, and the establishment of Mughal rule in 1526.
Option B: This option is incorrect. It incorrectly places the establishment of Mughal rule before the arrival of the Portuguese, which is not accurate as the Portuguese arrived in the early 16th century, while Mughal rule began in 1526.
Option C: This option is incorrect. It incorrectly places Timur's invasion before the establishment of the Vijayanagara Empire, which is not accurate as the Vijayanagara Empire was established around 1336, while Timur invaded in 1398.
Option D: This option is incorrect. It incorrectly places the establishment of Mughal rule before the arrival of the Portuguese, which is not accurate as the Portuguese arrived in the early 16th century, while Mughal rule began in 1526.

Mnemonic: V-T-P-M: Vijayanagara, Timur, Portuguese, Mughal

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