Explanations:The ancient name of Coastal Orissa is Kalinga. Kalinga was a powerful and influential kingdom in ancient India, located in the eastern coastal region of the Indian subcontinent. The region corresponds to the modern-day state of Odisha and parts of West Bengal and Andhra Pradesh. Kalinga was known for its rich cultural heritage, maritime trade, and significant historical events.
One of the most notable events in the history of Kalinga was the Kalinga War, fought in 261 BCE between the Mauryan Empire under Emperor Ashoka and the kingdom of Kalinga. This war was one of the bloodiest in ancient Indian history and resulted in a significant transformation in Ashoka's reign. After witnessing the horrors of the war, Ashoka embraced Buddhism and renounced violence, dedicating his life to the propagation of peace and non-violence.
The region of Kalinga was also known for its maritime trade, which connected it to Southeast Asia and other parts of the Indian Ocean. The ancient port cities of Kalinga, such as Dantapura and Tamralipti, were important centers of trade and commerce. The region was rich in natural resources, including iron, gold, and other minerals, which contributed to its economic prosperity.
Understanding the historical context of Kalinga is crucial for comprehending the cultural and historical significance of the region. The name Kalinga is deeply embedded in the history and identity of the people of Odisha, and it continues to be an important part of the region's heritage and cultural narrative.
It is important to note that other options such as Patna and Delhi are incorrect because they are located in different regions of India and were historically known by different names. Patna, for instance, was known as Pataliputra and was the capital of the Magadha Empire, while Delhi was known as Indraprastha or Dhillika and was the capital of several dynasties in northern India.
Thus, the correct answer is Kalinga, as it accurately represents the ancient name of the coastal region of Orissa.