Explanations:The Delhi Sultanate was a powerful Islamic empire that ruled large parts of the Indian subcontinent from the early 13th to the early 16th century. One of the most significant rulers of the Delhi Sultanate was Iltutmish, who established the Mamluk dynasty and laid the foundation for the Sultanate's power. After his death in 1236, his daughter Raziyyat, also known as Razia Sultana, ascended to the throne and ruled until 1240.
Raziyyat's reign is particularly notable because she was the first and only female ruler of the Delhi Sultanate. Her rule was marked by several significant reforms and military campaigns. She attempted to break the power of the Turkish nobility, who had traditionally dominated the Sultanate, and sought to establish a merit-based system of governance. Raziyyat also promoted trade and commerce, which helped to strengthen the economy of the Sultanate.
Despite her efforts, Raziyyat faced significant opposition from the nobility and was eventually deposed in 1240. Her reign, though short, is remembered for its progressive policies and the historical significance of having a female ruler in a male-dominated era. The other options provided in the question, such as Nusrath and Fouziyath, are not historical figures associated with the rule of the Delhi Sultanate after Iltutmish's death.
Understanding the historical context of the Delhi Sultanate and the specific rulers who governed during this period is crucial for comprehending the political and social dynamics of medieval India. Raziyyat's rule is a key part of this history, and her legacy as the first female ruler of the Delhi Sultanate makes her an important figure to remember.