Explanations:The Indus Valley Civilisation, also known as the Harappan Civilisation, was one of the earliest urban civilisations in the world, flourishing between 3300 and 1300 BCE. It was primarily located in the northwestern regions of the Indian subcontinent, including parts of present-day Pakistan and India. The civilisation is known for its well-planned cities, advanced urban infrastructure, and extensive trade networks.
Archaeological sites associated with the Indus Valley Civilisation are spread across several states in India, including Gujarat, Punjab, and Haryana. Bhirrana is one such site located in the state of Haryana. It is situated in Fatehabad district and is considered one of the oldest known sites of the Indus Valley Civilisation. The site has yielded a wealth of artefacts and evidence that provide insights into the early stages of urbanisation and agricultural practices in the region.
The significance of Bhirrana lies in its early dating, which predates the mature Harappan phase. Radiocarbon dating of the site has provided evidence that Bhirrana was occupied as early as 7500 BCE, making it one of the earliest known sites of the Indus Valley Civilisation. The site has yielded pottery, tools, and other artefacts that have helped archaeologists understand the development of the civilisation over time.
Understanding the geographical distribution of Indus Valley Civilisation sites is crucial for comprehending the extent and influence of this ancient civilisation. While many sites are located in Gujarat, such as Lothal and Dholavira, Bhirrana stands out as a significant site in Haryana. This highlights the widespread nature of the civilisation and the importance of Haryana in the context of early urbanisation in the Indian subcontinent.
Therefore, the correct answer is that Bhirrana is located in Haryana, which is a state in northern India. This site is a key location for ongoing research into the Indus Valley Civilisation and its early phases.